Fallstudie för utveckling av två gårdar

Syftet med detta arbete att hjälpa ägarna till ett utvalt fallföretag att hitta en eller flera lönsamma produktionsgrenar som är lämpliga för gårdarnas förutsättningar och göra relevanta kalkyler så att ägarna ska kunna fatta ett beslut och bygga upp en produktion inom de närmsta åren. De aktuella gårdarna ligger i Västergötland respektive Värmland. Efter sondering av tänkbara produktionsgrenar koncentrerade vi oss på mjölkproduktion och hjortköttsproduktion. Arbete går ut på att hitta en intressant och lönsam produktion för framtiden. I Sverige finns det en del hjorthägn men marknaden för förädling av köttet är liten. Produktionen är väldigt dyr och osäker om man inte kan förädla och slakta sina egna djur. Kan man bygga upp ett slakteri för förädling ökar chanserna för en bra vinst. Mjölkproduktion däremot en säkrare investering, produktionen är stabil då efterfrågan är konstant. Uppstartskostnaderna för dessa två produktioner skiljer sig mycket åt. Mjölkproduktion kräver nya byggnader med inventarier och maskiner för produktionen. Hjortproduktionen kräver ett hägn på befintlig mark. Möjligheten finns att produktionerna kan kombineras då fodret och betet från korna kan utnyttjas för hjortar. Vi har gjort intervjuer med personer i branscherna för att få en uppfattning om möjligheter och nackdelar med de utvalda produktionsgrenarna. Areal och möjligheten till byggnation för mjölkproduktion passar bäst på gården i Västergötland och biotopen i Värmland kan passa hjortproduktionen bättre.The purpose of this work is to help the owners of a selected case company to find one or more profitable branches of production that are suitable for farm conditions and make relevant calculations so that the owners should be able to make a decision and build a production within the next few years. The current farms are situated in Västergötland and Värmland. After probing the possible branches of production, we concentrated on dairy farming and deer meat production. This work is to find an interesting and profitable production for the future. In Sweden, there are some deer companies, but the market for processing of meat is small. The production is very expensive and not sure if you can’t refine and slaughter your own animals. Can you build a slaughterhouse for processing it will increase the chances of a good profit. Milk production, however is a safer investment, with stable production when demand is constant. Start-up costs for these two productions are very different. Milk production requires new buildings with equipment and machinery for production. Deer production requires a shelter on existing track. The possibility exists that the productions can be combined with feed and bait from the cows can be used for deer. We have done interviews with people in industries to get an idea of the possibilities and disadvantages of the selected branches of production. Area and the possibility of building for milk is best for the farm in Västergötland and the biotope of Värmland can fit deer production better

Simultaneous reconstruction of emission and attenuation in passive gamma emission tomography of spent nuclear fuel

In the context of international nuclear safeguards, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has recently approved passive gamma emission tomography (PGET) as a method for inspecting spent nuclear fuel assemblies (SFAs). The PGET instrument is essentially a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system that allows the reconstruction of axial cross-sections of the emission map of an SFA. The fuel material heavily self-attenuates its gamma-ray emissions, so that correctly accounting for the attenuation is a critical factor in producing accurate images. Due to the nature of the inspections, it is desirable to use as little a priori information as possible about the fuel, including the attenuation map, in the reconstruction process. Current reconstruction methods either do not correct for attenuation, assume a uniform attenuation throughout the fuel assembly, or assume an attenuation map based on an initial filtered back-projection reconstruction. We propose a method to simultaneously reconstruct the emission and attenuation maps by formulating the reconstruction as a constrained minimization problem with a least squares data fidelity term and regularization terms. Using simulated data, we show that our approach produces clear reconstructions which allow for a highly reliable classification of spent, missing, and fresh fuel rods.Peer reviewe

Combining Phi6 as a surrogate virus and computational large-eddy simulations to study airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a restaurant

COVID-19 has highlighted the need for indoor risk-reduction strategies. Our aim is to provide information about the virus dispersion and attempts to reduce the infection risk. Indoor transmission was studied simulating a dining situation in a restaurant. Aerosolized Phi6 viruses were detected with several methods. The aerosol dispersion was modeled by using the Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) technique. Three risk-reduction strategies were studied: (1) augmenting ventilation with air purifiers, (2) spatial partitioning with dividers, and (3) combination of 1 and 2. In all simulations infectious viruses were detected throughout the space proving the existence long-distance aerosol transmission indoors. Experimental cumulative virus numbers and LES dispersion results were qualitatively similar. The LES results were further utilized to derive the evolution of infection probability. Air purifiers augmenting the effective ventilation rate by 65% reduced the spatially averaged infection probability by 30%-32%. This relative reduction manifests with approximately 15 min lag as aerosol dispersion only gradually reaches the purifier units. Both viral findings and LES results confirm that spatial partitioning has a negligible effect on the mean infection-probability indoors, but may affect the local levels adversely. Exploitation of high-resolution LES jointly with microbiological measurements enables an informative interpretation of the experimental results and facilitates a more complete risk assessment.Peer reviewe

Attitudes of Social Service Workers towards Violent Men

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka socialsekreterares attityder gentemot våldsutövande män samt deras inställning till att arbeta med målgruppen. Studiens empiri har både kvantitativa och kvalitativa delar. En stor del av resultatet består av enkätsvar från 41 socialsekreterare som alla på något sätt arbetar med våld i nära relation. Enkäten består av en rad bakgrundsfrågor, följt av en vinjett som påståenden har formulerats efter. Enkäten avslutas med två öppna frågor som undersöker anledningen till att socialsekretaren arbetar på socialtjänsten samt deras inställning till att arbeta med våldsutövande män. Attributionsteorin användes i utformningen av enkäten och som verktyg i tematiseringen av enkätens påståenden.  Michel Lipskys teori om gatubyråkrati används även för att ge en mer nyanserad bild av studiens resultat samt för att närmare förstå studiens kvalitativa empiri. Studiens resultat visar bland annat på att det saknas tydliga riktlinjer inom området, att det finns en stark uppfattning att våldsutövares efterfrågan av hjälp är låg samt att det finns en relativt stark vilja att arbeta med målgruppen men att ett sådant arbete i låg utsträckning utförs.This study investigates the social service workers attitudes towards violent men and their attitudes towards working with the target group. The empirical study has both quantitative and qualitative parts. A large part of the result consists of questionnaires from 41 social service workers, all of them working in one way or the other with domestic violence. The survey consists of some background issues, followed by a vignette from which statements have been formulated. The survey ends with two open questions that examine the reason why the social service worker works within the social services as well as their attitudes towards working with violence-enforcing men. Attribution theory was used in the design of the questionnaire and as a tool in the thematization of the survey's statements. Michel Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucracy is also used to provide a more nuanced picture of the study’s results and to further understand the qualitative empirical part of the study. The study's results indicate, among other things, that there are no clear guidelines for social service workers to follow within the work area, that there is a strong perception among the social service workers that the demand for assistance by perpetrators is low, and that there is a relatively strong willingness to work with the target group, but that such work is performed to a limited extent

Fuel rod classification from Passive Gamma Emission Tomography (PGET) of spent nuclear fuel assemblies

Peer reviewe

Assessing landscape experiences as a cultural ecosystem service in public infrastructure projects : From concept to practice

Undesirable landscape changes, especially from large infrastructure projects, may give rise to large welfare losses due to degraded landscape experiences. These losses are largely unaccounted for in Nordic countries’ planning processes. There is a need to develop practical methods of including people’s preferences and the value of landscape impacts in policy assessments and decision-making. The project aims to explore how the ecosystem service approach and values of landscape experiences can be better incorporated in actual cases. The project developed a two-step approach to assess, value and incorporate landscape impacts and tested these in case studies based on EIA documentation. We found that despite the lack of information generated in the EIAs, the step-wise method significantly improved upon evidence and conclusions of how people are impacted due to landscape changes

Reproducibility of fluorescent expression from engineered biological constructs in E. coli

We present results of the first large-scale interlaboratory study carried out in synthetic biology, as part of the 2014 and 2015 International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) competitions. Participants at 88 institutions around the world measured fluorescence from three engineered constitutive constructs in E. coli. Few participants were able to measure absolute fluorescence, so data was analyzed in terms of ratios. Precision was strongly related to fluorescent strength, ranging from 1.54-fold standard deviation for the ratio between strong promoters to 5.75-fold for the ratio between the strongest and weakest promoter, and while host strain did not affect expression ratios, choice of instrument did. This result shows that high quantitative precision and reproducibility of results is possible, while at the same time indicating areas needing improved laboratory practices.Peer reviewe